The Integrated Forecasting System includes a sophisticated data assimilation system and a global numerical model of the Earth system.
The data assimilation system combines the latest weather observations with a recent forecast to obtain the best possible estimate of the current state of the Earth system – known as an analysis.
The Earth system model has a model of the atmosphere at its heart, coupled to models of other Earth system components, such as the ocean.

N.P. Wedi, P. Bauer, W. Deconinck, M. Diamantakis, M. Hamrud, C. Kühnlein, S. Malardel, K. Mogensen, G. Mozdzynski, P.K. Smolarkiewicz The modelling infrastructure of the Integrated Forecasting System: Recent advances and future challenges,
https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2015/15259-modelling-infrastructure-integrated-forecasting-system-recent-advances-and-future-challenges.pdf
